Diferencias por sexo y edad en la coordinación motora en escolares de la ciudad de Cúcuta

Fundamento: la coordinación motriz ha sido y será uno de los componentes más importantes en el área de educación física, pues permite sincronizar y coordinar los movimientos de los músculos y de las extremidades del cuerpo, a fin de posibilitar la realización de diversas actividades. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de coordinación motora diferenciada por edades y sexos en escolares. Métodos: investigación realizada en la Institución Educativa Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, que incluyó escolares de seis a once años de edad, a los que se aplicó el test 3JS, el cual consta de una batería de siete pruebas para determinar el nivel de coordinación motora en los niños. Resultados: existieron diferencias muy significativas al comparar la coordinación motora de los niños con respecto a todos los rangos de edades estudiados (6-7 años vs 8-9 años; 6-7 años vs 10-11 años; 8-9 años vs 10-11 años) (p<0,01). Las niñas obtuvieron diferencias muy significativas al comparar los grupos de 6-7 años con respecto al de 8-9 años y 10-11 años (p<0,01); sin embargo, al comparar niños y niñas por rangos de edades, solamente el grupo de 10-11 años presentó diferencias significativas en la coordinación motora (p<0,01). Conclusiones: los resultados permiten inferir que es importante evaluar y desarrollar actividades acordes a la etapa de maduración del niño y determinar trabajos más específicos para las niñas, puesto que en este trabajo y en muchos estudios realizados se identificó una diferencia significativa en cuanto a su desarrollo motor.

Foundation: motor coordination has been and will be one of the most important components in the physical education area, since it allows synchronizing and coordinating the muscles movements and extremities of the body, in order to enable the performance of various activities. Objective: to determine the motor coordination level differentiated by age and sex in schoolchildren. Methods: research carried out at the Mariano Ospina Rodríguez Educational Institution, which included schoolchildren from six to eleven years of age, to whom the 3JS test was applied, which consists of seven tests battery to determine the motor coordination level in children. Results: there were very significant differences when comparing the children motor coordination regarding all the age ranges studied (6-7 years vs 8-9 years; 6-7 years vs 10-11 years; 8-9 years vs 10 -11 years) (p<0.01). The girls obtained very significant differences when comparing the groups of 6-7 years with respect to that of 8-9 years and 10-11 years (p<0.01); however, when comparing boys and girls by age range, only the 10-11 year old group presented significant differences in motor coordination (p<0.01). Conclusions: the results allow us to infer that it is important to evaluate and develop activities according to the child maturation stage to determine more specific jobs for girls, since in this work and in many studies carried out, a significant difference was identified in terms of their motor development.

El porcentaje de grasa corporal y su relación con la presión arterial en adultos de áreas rurales y urbanas

Fundamento: el exceso de grasa corporal se encuentra marcado por un desequilibrio permanente entre el consumo de alimentos y el gasto energético de los seres humanos que generan diversos riesgos para salud, entre ellos el aumento de la presión arterial. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal y la presión arterial en adultos de áreas rurales y urbanas del municipio del Carmen de Chucurí, Colombia. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo a una muestra escogida de forma aleatoria, compuesta por 406 sujetos para los habitantes del sector rural y 409 del sector urbano entre los 18 y 40 años del municipio Carmen Chucurí. Se evaluó la masa corporal, con la utilización de la herramienta denominada impedancia eléctrica y el equipo marca OMRON HBF-514C y la presión arterial y se utilizó el tensiómetro digital OMRON HEM-4030. Resultados: el principal hallazgo de esta investigación fue la asociación positiva y significativa entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal y la presión arterial diastólica en hombres y mujeres rurales del municipio Carmen de Chucurí. Conclusiones: el porcentaje de grasa corporal se asocia positiva y significativamente con la presión arterial diastólica en hombres y mujeres rurales del municipio Carmen de Chucuri, para los demás parámetros analizados no fue evidente una correlación significativa.

Foundation: excess body fat is marked by a permanent imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure of human beings that generate various health risks, including increased blood pressure. Objective: determine the relationship between the percentage of body fat and blood pressure in adults from rural and urban areas of the municipality of Carmen de Chucurí, Colombia. Method: a descriptive and correlational study with a quantitative approach was carried out on a randomly chosen sample, composed of 406 subjects for the inhabitants of the rural sector and 409 of the urban sector between 18 and 40 years of age from the Carmen Chucurí municipality. Body mass was evaluated, with the use of the tool called electrical impedance and the OMRON HBF-514C brand equipment, and blood pressure and the OMRON HEM-4030 digital blood pressure monitor was used. Results: the main finding of this research was the positive and significant association between the percentage of body fat and diastolic blood pressure in rural men and women in the Carmen de Chucurí municipality. Conclusions: the percentage of body fat is positively and significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure in rural men and women of the Carmen de Chucuri municipality; for the other parameters analyzed, a significant correlation was not evident.

[Psychosocial risks in fitness professionals: relevance and approach to mental health]. / Riesgos psicosociales en los profesionales del Fitness: Relevancia y abordaje para la salud mental.

Las investigaciones con relación a los riesgos psicosociales en entrenadores deportivos, entrenadores personales y otros profesionales del Fitness se encuentra en auge dado el rol que desempeñan en la promoción y prevención de la salud.

Recuperación aguda de la frecuencia cardíaca en una sesión de functional fitness y su relación con el consumo máximo de oxígeno

Fundamento: la frecuencia cardiaca de recuperación en esfuerzos físicos es un indicador relevante para los profesionales de la salud y el deporte. Objetivo: relacionar la recuperación aguda de la frecuencia cardíaca en una sesión submáxima de functional fitness con el consumo máximo de oxígeno en sujetos físicamente activos. Mètodos: estudio descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo con una muestra a conveniencia conformada por 14 hombres (edad 21,32±4,36 años; masa corporal 71,42±14,68 kg; talla 1,75±0,17 m; IMC 23,01±3,61 kg/m2) y 5 mujeres (edad 22,81±3,48 años; masa corporal 65,82±8,45 kg; talla 1,56±0,21 m; IMC 21,54±1,35 kg/m2), estos realizaron en dos días separados por 48 horas una prueba maximal e incremental cardiorrespiratoria (Course-Navette) y el WOD Pukie (150 burpees en el menor tiempo posible). Se registró la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, frecuencia cardiaca de la sesión, frecuencia cardiaca de recuperación (1, 2 y 3 minutos). Se aplicaron la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk y el coeficiente correlacional de Pearson (95 % de confianza y un p-valor de 0,05). Resultados: el consumo máximo de oxígeno no se relacionó significativamente en hombres (p>0,05), en el caso de las mujeres fue positivo con la frecuencia cardiaca de recuperación en todos los lapsos, pero con significación en 1 minuto (r = 0,81; p<0,05) y 3 minutos (r = 0,93; p<0,01). Conclusiones: el consumo máximo de oxígeno se relacionó positiva y significativamente con la frecuencia cardiaca de recuperación en una sesión de functional fitness en mujeres físicamente activas.

Foundation: the recovery heart rate in physical efforts is a relevant indicator for health and sports professionals. Objective: to relate the acute recovery of the heart rate in a submaximal functional fitness session with the maximum oxygen consumption in physically active subjects. Methods: descriptive study with a quantitative approach with a convenience sample made up of 14 men (age 21.32±4.36 years; body mass 71.42±14.68 kg; height 1.75±0.17 m; BMI 23 01±3.61 kg/m2) and 5 women (age 22.81±3.48 years; body mass 65.82±8.45 kg; height 1.56±0.21 m; BMI 21.54± 1.35 kg/m2), they performed a maximal and incremental cardiorespiratory test (Course-Navette) and the WOD Pukie (150 burpees in the shortest possible time) on two days separated by 48 hours. Maximum heart rate, session heart rate, and recovery heart rate (1, 2, and 3 minutes) were recorded. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Pearson correlation coefficient (95% confidence and a p-value of 0.05) were applied. Results: the maximum oxygen consumption was not significantly related in men (p>0.05), in the case of women it was positive with the recovery heart rate in all periods, but with significance in 1 minute (r = 0 .81; p<0.05) and 3 minutes (r = 0.93; p<0.01). Conclusions: maximal oxygen consumption was positively and significantly related to recovery heart rate in a functional fitness session in physically active women.

Influence of non-osteoporotic treatments in patients on active anti-osteoporotic therapy: evidence from the OSTEOMED registry.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different non-osteoporotic drugs on the increase or decrease in the risk of incident fragility fractures (vertebral, humerus or hip) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with osteoporosis on active anti-osteoporotic therapy. METHODS: For this retrospective longitudinal study, baseline and follow-up data on prescribed non-osteoporotic treatments and the occurrence of vertebral, humerus or hip fractures in 993 patients from the OSTEOMED registry were analyzed using logistic regression models. The drugs evaluated with a possible beneficial effect were thiazides and statins, while the drugs evaluated with a possible harmful effect were antiandrogens, aromatase inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, GnRH agonists, thyroid hormones, and oral and inhaled corticosteroids. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses indicated that no treatment significantly improved fracture risk, with the only treatments that significantly worsened fracture risk being letrozole (OR = 0.18, p-value = 0.03) and oral corticosteroids at doses ≤ 5 mg/day (OR = 0.16, p-value = 0.03) and > 5 mg/day (OR = 0.27, p-value = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The potential beneficial or detrimental effects of the different drugs evaluated on fracture risk are masked by treatment with anabolic or antiresorptive drugs that have a more potent action on bone metabolism, with two exceptions: letrozole and oral corticosteroids. These findings may have important clinical implications, as patients receiving these treatments are not fully protected by bisphosphonates, which may imply the need for more potent anti-osteoporotic drugs such as denosumab or teriparatide.

Comorbidity and osteoporotic fracture: approach through predictive modeling techniques using the OSTEOMED registry.

PURPOSE: To examine the response to anti-osteoporotic treatment, considered as incident fragility fractures after a minimum follow-up of 1 year, according to sex, age, and number of comorbidities of the patients. METHODS: For this retrospective observational study, data from baseline and follow-up visits on the number of comorbidities, prescribed anti-osteoporotic treatment and vertebral, humerus or hip fractures in 993 patients from the OSTEOMED registry were analyzed using logistic regression and an artificial network model. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that the probability of reducing fractures for each anti-osteoporotic treatment considered was independent of sex, age, and the number of comorbidities, increasing significantly only in males taking vitamin D (OR = 7.918), patients without comorbidities taking vitamin D (OR = 4.197) and patients with ≥ 3 comorbidities taking calcium (OR = 9.412). Logistic regression correctly classified 96% of patients (Hosmer-Lemeshow = 0.492) compared with the artificial neural network model, which correctly classified 95% of patients (AUC = 0.6). CONCLUSION: In general, sex, age and the number of comorbidities did not influence the likelihood that a given anti-osteoporotic treatment improved the risk of incident fragility fractures after 1 year, but this appeared to increase when patients had been treated with risedronate, strontium or teriparatide. The two models used classified patients similarly, but predicted differently in terms of the probability of improvement, with logistic regression being the better fit.

[Effect of cardiovascular risk factors on long-term morbidity and mortality following acute myocardial infarction]. / Efecto de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular sobre la morbimortalidad a largo plazo después de un infarto agudo de miocardio.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Generally, cardiovascular risk factors are poorly controlled after myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of these risk factors on long-term morbidity and mortality in patients experiencing a myocardial infarction. METHODS: In total, 655 acute myocardial infarction survivors recorded in the IBERICA database for the Spanish province of Albacete were followed up. Provincial healthcare center databases and the regional death registry were consulted, and semistructured interviews were carried out. Bivariate and multivariate descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 5.5 years. At the end of the study, 74% of patients had hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, 39% had diabetes, 36% were obese, 13% smoked, and 1% were alcoholics. Overall, 48% of patients experienced a cardiovascular event. Uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia was found to be a risk factor for angina (odds ratio [OR]=2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-5.1), and uncontrolled diabetes was a risk factor for reinfarction (OR=3.5, 95% CI, 1.6-7.6) and stroke (OR=10.6, 95% CI, 3.6-31.2), both of which occurred earlier in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. In total, 115 (18%) patients died, with more than 50% of deaths being due to cardiovascular causes. Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes were the most important risk factors for both overall and early mortality, whereas controlled hypercholesterolemia appeared to be a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction is very high. Control of these risk factors influences both cardiovascular events and long-term mortality.

Efecto de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular sobre la morbimortalidad a largo plazo después de un infarto agudo de miocardio / Effect of cardiovascular risk factors on long-term morbidity and mortality following acute myocardial infarction

Introducción y objetivos. El control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular después de un infarto de miocardio no es apropiado. El objetivo es estudiar su efecto sobre la morbimortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes con infarto de miocardio. Métodos. Se realizó el seguimiento a 655 pacientes que sobrevivieron a la fase aguda de un infarto de miocardio (registro IBERICA Albacete) mediante la revisión de los centros sanitarios de la provincia y el boletín regional de defunciones, además de realizar una entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo y comparativo, bivariable y multivariable. Resultados. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 5,5 años. Al finalizar, el 74% presentaba hipertensión arterial o hipercolesterolemia, el 39% diabetes mellitus, el 36% obesidad, el 13% tabaquismo y el 1% alcoholismo. El 48% presentó algún evento cardiovascular. La hipercolesterolemia no controlada fue el factor implicado en la aparición de angina (odds ratio [OR] = 2,4; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,1-5,1) y la diabetes no controlada, en la aparición de reinfarto (OR = 3,5; IC del 95%, 1,6-7,6) e ictus (OR = 10,6; IC del 95%, 3,6-31,2). Además, ambos se presentaron de forma más temprana en pacientes diabéticos no controlados. Fallecieron 115 pacientes (18%) y la etiología fue cardiovascular en más del 50%. La hipertensión arterial y la diabetes no controladas fueron los factores con un mayor riesgo de muerte y de experimentarla más tempranamente; mientras que la hipercolesterolemia controlada se comportó como un factor protector. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de los factores de riesgo en pacientes con infarto de miocardio es alta y su control está relacionado tanto con la presencia de eventos cardiovasculares como con la letalidad a largo plazo (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Generally, cardiovascular risk factors are poorly controlled after myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of these risk factors on long-term morbidity and mortality in patients experiencing a myocardial infarction. Methods. In total, 655 acute myocardial infarction survivors recorded in the IBERICA database for the Spanish province of Albacete were followed up. Provincial healthcare center databases and the regional death registry were consulted, and semistructured interviews were carried out. Bivariate and multivariate descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. Results. The median follow-up period was 5.5 years. At the end of the study, 74% of patients had hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, 39% had diabetes, 36% were obese, 13% smoked, and 1% were alcoholics. Overall, 48% of patients experienced a cardiovascular event. Uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia was found to be a risk factor for angina (odds ratio [OR]=2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-5.1), and uncontrolled diabetes was a risk factor for reinfarction (OR=3.5, 95% CI, 1.6-7.6) and stroke (OR=10.6, 95% CI, 3.6-31.2), both of which occurred earlier in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. In total, 115 (18%) patients died, with more than 50% of deaths being due to cardiovascular causes. Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes were the most important risk factors for both overall and early mortality, whereas controlled hypercholesterolemia appeared to be a protective factor. Conclusions. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction is very high. Control of these risk factors influences both cardiovascular events and long-term mortality (AU)